Introduction
Annie Minerva Malone, born on August 9, 1869, in Metropolis, Illinois, rose to become one of the most influential African-American businesswomen of the early 20th century. Her entrepreneurial spirit and dedication to philanthropy made her a prominent figure in the Black American community.
Early Life and Enslavement
Malone was born to Robert Turnbo and Isabella Cook, who were formerly enslaved. Her father joined the Union Army during the Civil War, and her mother escaped to Illinois with her children. Malone attended school in Peoria, Illinois, but due to frequent illness, she did not complete high school. She developed an interest in hair care and began experimenting with hair products with her sister.
Entrepreneurial Achievements
In 1902, Malone moved to St. Louis, Missouri, where she founded the Poro College, a beauty and cosmetic school that provided training and employment for Black American women. She developed and marketed her own line of hair care products, including the “Wonderful Hair Grower,” which became highly popular. Malone’s business grew rapidly, and by 1917, Poro College had graduated approximately 75,000 agents worldwide.
Philanthropic Efforts
Malone was also a dedicated philanthropist. She served as the president of the St. Louis Colored Orphans Home from 1919 to 1943 and donated thousands of dollars to educational programs and orphanages. Her contributions to historically Black colleges and universities, including a $25,000 donation to Howard University, were among the largest gifts received by these institutions from private donors of African descent.
Legacy and Impact
Annie Minerva Malone’s legacy as an entrepreneur and philanthropist continues to inspire future generations. Her innovative products and dedication to community upliftment left a lasting impact on the Black American community and the beauty industry.
Conclusion
Annie Minerva Malone’s life and work were instrumental in advancing the beauty and cosmetic industry and improving the lives of Black American women. Her entrepreneurial spirit and philanthropic efforts made her a pioneering figure in American history.
References:
Britannica Editors. (2024). *Annie Turnbo Malone*. Britannica.
History.com Editors. (2024). *Annie Turnbo Malone: Facts, Inventions & Quotes*. HISTORY.
Tubman, H. (1869). *Scenes in the Life of Harriet Tubman*. Auburn, NY: A. N. Doubleday & Co.
